組織機構(gòu)
魅力一中 輝煌卓著
中考英語復(fù)習系列資料(句法 四)
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(一) 知識概要 ?
由于英語國家的語言習慣與中國的語言習慣有許多不同之處,所以造成了許多同學在做選擇或書寫,或與人交談中造成誤用中國方式來對英語的問句作解答。例如一個小女孩十分好看,可愛,外國人見到時會講: You are so beautiful? 這時的答語應(yīng)該是 Thank you? 如果外國人發(fā)現(xiàn)你的英語不錯,他們會講: Your English is very good? 這時中國人常常會說:不,我說的不好。這純是一種禮貌的答語,但是不符合英語習慣。它正確的答語應(yīng)是 Thank you? 雖然交際英語有一些規(guī)律可講,但更重要的是學習外國的生活習慣,了解他們的文化背景,歷史淵源,這樣才能真正的學好一門外語。??
(二) 正誤辨析 ?
[誤] - What can I do for you??
- Yes, please help me? ?
[正] - What can I do for you??
- I'd like to buy a sweater? ?
[析] What can I do for you? 這一問語實際上用于的情景很多,要根據(jù)具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應(yīng)譯為:您想要點什么?在其他場合也可以被譯為:我能為您做些什么?它的答語應(yīng)是直接講出想讓對方提供的幫助。?
[誤] - Which colour do you like??
- Sorry, I don't like? ?
[正] - Which colour do you like??
- I prefer blue? ?
[析] 由 which 來提問的問句是要回答具體的選擇,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it??
[誤] Do you like to come with us tonight? ?
[正] Would you like to come with us tonight? ?
[析] Do you like … 問的是對方的習慣,如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 則是一次性的邀請、提議。邀請的英語表達法還有如下幾種:?
Shall we go? 我們走吧!?
Let's go? 讓我們走吧!?
How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何??
What about a cup of coffee? 喝杯咖啡如何??
Why not buy it? 為什么不買呢??
其肯定答語一般為Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure??
[誤] Sorry, I've kept you waiting??
Not at all? ?
[正] Sorry, I've kept you waiting??
Never mind? ?
[析] "介意不介意"這一問法與答語在中英文中有所不同。如:?
- Do you mind my smoking here??- _________ ?
A. Yes, do it please??
B. No, of course not??
C. Yes, take it please??
D. No, you can't take it??
這時正確的選擇應(yīng)是B。 其意為:不介意,當然不。而A選項則自相矛盾了,它應(yīng)譯為:是的我介意,請抽吧。而D選項是:不介意,你不能抽。當向?qū)Ψ綘幥笠庖姇r,可以有以下問法:
Do you mind if I open the door??
Would you mind mailing the letter for me??
其答語如果是同意應(yīng)為: Certainly not, not at all?
而不同意時應(yīng)為 Yes, 或 I'm sorry??
[誤] What's that man??
He is Mike? ?
[正] What's that man??
He is a teacher? ?
[正] Who's that man??
He is Mike? (He is Mike's father?) ?
[析] 由 what 提問是問的職業(yè),由 who 提問問的是姓名或身份。?
[誤] - How much are they??
- Half a kilo, please? ?
[正] - How many bananas do you want??
- Half a kilo? Please? ?
[析] How much are they? 問的是價格而不是實際物品的多少。?
[誤] I'm sorry, but is this the way to the park? ?
[正] Excuse me, but is this the way to the park? ?
[析] I'm sorry 是對已經(jīng)做錯了的事向?qū)Ψ降狼笗r的開始語。而 Excuse me? 是在打擾對方之前表達歉意的話。?
[誤] - Have a good time tonight!?
- You are the same? ?
[正] - Have a good time tonight!?
- The same to you? ?
[析] The same to you 是表達我也祝您有個愉快的夜晚,它是美語中的習慣用法。?
[誤] - What's the problem??
- I've got a headache? ?
[正] What's wrong with you??
I've got a headache? ?
[析] What's wrong with you? 是詢問對方身體狀態(tài)如何,而 What's the problem?是問對方遇到了什么麻煩。?
[誤] - Now, I'm back? Can I play??
- Perhaps? You'd better do your homework first? ?
[正] - Now, I'm back? Can I play??
- I'm afraid not? You'd better do your homework first? ?
[析] Perhaps 是表示對一種拿不準的事態(tài)的推論,如: Am I right? Perhaps?而 I'm afraid not? 則表達一種不同意的態(tài)度。 be afraid 的幾種用法有:?
I'm afraid that you are right??
其后直接加賓語從句。?
- Will you come to my birthday party??
- I'm afraid not? I have to go to see my father? He is in hospital??
其后+not,表示否定。?
- Sorry, I don't want to go there alone, I'm afraid of the dog??
其后+名詞,表示對某人,某物的害怕。?
Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam??
其后+ of + 動名詞,表示害怕做某事。?
Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam??
其后+ 不定式,表示不敢去做某事。?
[誤] - How soon will you be ready??
- Two days? ?
[正] - How soon will you be ready??
- In two days? ?
[析] 此題關(guān)鍵是要根據(jù)情景,身臨其境,要注意的是對方問了什么,就應(yīng)答什么?;虼鹆耸裁淳蛻?yīng)問什么。 How soon問的是"還有多久才能作完",這時要用 in two days, 即在兩小時之內(nèi)即可以作完。如用 How long 提問,則答語可以用two days。?
[誤] - Would you mind if I have some time off??
- I don't mind??
- Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?
[正] - Would you mind if I have some time off??
- When exactly??
- Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?
[析] 有的對話是復(fù)雜的,稍有不慎就有可能選錯,而且英語中如選錯了答案是不容易找出錯來的。 I don't mind 是可以用來回答 Would you mind…這一提問的,但如仔細看一看則會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們要選用的不是陳述句而是疑問句。根據(jù)下面一句的答語來判定要用 when exactly? 什么時間,這樣才能與下句中具體的時間相符合。?
[誤] Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be "Who are you?" ?
[正] Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be "Hello? This is Tom speaking?" ?
[析] 在英語學習中,習慣用法實際上在某種情況,或某種意義上講比語法更為重要。如果只從句子的角度上去分析,它們可能都是對的。比如,當你拿起電話時,如果你想知道對方是誰,可以問"Who's that(speaking)?"但不要講"Who are you?"如果你想先介紹一下自己可以講"This is ×××× speaking"而不要講"I'm ××××"也不要講"My name is×××××." 就語法而論,"Who are you?" "I'm ××××?""My name is ×××××?"并不錯,也是英語中可用的句子,但就打電話這一場合,就不宜用了。?
[誤] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend??
- I don't hope so? ?
[正] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend??
- I hope not? ?
[析] 由于初學者對實際英語口語中表達感情意愿的答語不熟悉,如在肯定答語中 I think so? I hope so? I believe so? 是相同的,但在否定句中卻常用 I don't think so? 但I don't believe so? 和 I don't hope so? 則意為:我不信此事和我不希望此事發(fā)生。而 I believe not? 和 I hope not? 則為:我想可能不會發(fā)生吧!?
[誤] - Is anybody there??
- No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?
[正] - Is everybody there??
- No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?
[析] 許多學生在寫作和選擇答語或問句時總要語法在前,而不是習慣用語在先。所以總是要拘泥疑問句中的不定代詞,用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英語中為:這里有人嗎?而Is everybody there?為:全都到齊了嗎?所以首先要考慮的是其答語。 No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave??
[誤] - Your handwriting is very good!?
- No, my handwriting is very poor? ?
[正] - Your handwriting is very good!?
- Thank you? ?
[析] 中國人遇到別人稱贊,總是以謙遜為美德。但英美人則往往認為自信是美德。所以當別人夸獎你或贊美你時,就應(yīng)說: Thank you? 又比如中國人見面時常講 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人則認為你過多的干預(yù)別人的私生活了。而他們見面時往往問一些無關(guān)緊要的話,如: Hello! How are you going? (你過得怎樣) Morning! 等。而 good morning? 和 How do you do? 則被認為是較正規(guī)的問候語,在日常生活中則十分少見。?
[誤] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: "Excuse me? I'll go first?" ?
[正] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: "Excuse me? I have to go?" ?
[析] 這兩句答語都是正確的,其關(guān)鍵不是語法,而是習慣問題。如果在這樣的場合你講 I'll go first? 朋友們會迷惑不解,而 I have to go? 則表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要離去,而你本人則十分不愿做此事。?
[誤] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight??
- I'd like to, and I'm too busy? ?
[正] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight??
- I'd like to, but I'm too busy? ?
[析] I'm too busy? 與 I'd like to? 在意義上正好相反。所以要用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。這里考查了對詞義合乎邏輯的表達能力。所以要強調(diào)語言環(huán)境,更要強調(diào)在語言的基礎(chǔ)上的詞語辨析。?
[誤] - Where's Deter??
- Deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet? ?
[正] - Where's Deter??
- Deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet? ?
[析] 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的來與不來是十分不確定的,所以應(yīng)用 may 來表達一個不肯定的事件。?
[誤] - Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!?
- Great? You look well too? ?
[正] - Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!?
- Thanks? You look well too? ?
[析] 要注意的是 Great 在口語中多表示驚嘆,而 Thanks 則表示感謝對方的稱贊。?所以對情景談話要有準確的判定,要根據(jù)情景,身臨其境,上下對照,周密思考,弄清場合,注意英美人的風俗習慣,注重語義上的詞語辨析,并要進行大量的語言實踐練習,擴大實際交際能力。??
(三) 例題解析 ?
1? - Would you like to have some rice??
- _________ .?
A? Yes, I like B? Yes, please C? of course D? Yes, I have
?
[答案] B.?
[析] 當對方對你發(fā)出邀請的問語時,如果你想接受則講 Yes, please? 如不想接受則用No, thanks??
2? - Nice to see you?
?- _________ .?
A? Good morning B? Happy to meet you, too ?
C? Nice to see you, too D? Pleased to meet you, too
?
[答案] C.?
[析] 雖然A、B、D三個選項都可以作為某種問候語的答語,但英語中問候語的答語多用重復(fù)對方的話,以表達同樣的心情。?
3? - Would you please give me some water??
- _________ .?
A? Yes, I would B? Certainly C? No, thanks D? Yes, please
?
[答案] B.?
[析] 當對方發(fā)出十分禮貌的請求幫助的問語時,一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes, please? 為"是的,您請做某事吧"。這一含意顯然不對。?
4? - Thank you very much for helping me??
- _________ .?
A? You're welcome B? It doesn't matter
C? No need D? Don't say that
?
[答案] A.?
[析] You're welcome 譯為中文為:不用謝。而 It doesn't matter 則為:沒關(guān)系。?
5? - Hello, Lucy? How are you??
- _________ And you??
A? Fine, thanks B? Yes, I am
C? Glad to meet you D? Good afternoon
?
[答案] A.?
[析] 在正常交往中一定要避免所問非所答。所以對 How are you? 的答語應(yīng)為"很好,謝謝!"?
6? - Help yourself to some meat??
- _________ ?
A? It sounds nice. B? Yes, please. ?
C? Yes, Let's help each other. D? Thank you.
?
[答案] D.?
[析] Help yourself to some meat. 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意為主人勸客人不要客氣,像在家里一樣。?
7? - Oh, I am not feeling well? I've got a cold??
- _________ ?
A? Fine, How are you? B? Never mind? Take care ?
C? Well, I 'm sure to get weel soon. D? I'm sorry to hear that?
?
[答案] D.?
[析] 這是美國、英國的習慣用語,而B、 C則是中國人常講的答語。?
8? - Meimei you speak English very well??
- _________ .?
A? No, I don't think so B? Thank you very much?
C? Not good enough D? That's all right
?
[答案] B.?
9? - "Kate, could you answer the telephone, please?"?
- _________ , Mum? I'll get it.?
A? Yes, I could B? No, thanks ?
C? O?K? D? Yes, but I have no time
?
[答案] C.?
[析] 要注意 could 用于口語中是為了講話的口氣委婉,但它不是過去時態(tài),也不是助動詞,而應(yīng)看作情態(tài)動詞。所以在答語中則不應(yīng)這樣用。?
10? - Could you look after Polly for me while we're away??
- _________ ?
A? No, thanks. B? With pleasure. ?
C? I'm not afraid. D? I'm sure you will.
?
[答案] B.?
[析] With pleasure? 是英語中的一句十分客氣的答語,用在當對方因你的幫助或你的許諾向你道謝時,表達自己十分樂意為對方效力的口氣。?
11? - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster, please??
- _________ ?
A? Hold on, please. B? That's the headmaster, please. ?
C? Who are you ? please. D? Sorry? I'm not the headmaster.
?
[答案] A.?
[析] hold on, please? 是指請對方等一等不要將電話放下的用語。如果要講我就是的話不能用 that, 而要用 this, 在電話用語中 that 指對方, this 指自己。?
12? - Happy birthday!?
- _________ ?
A? Thank you. B? The same to you. ?
C? Good luck. D? Congratulations.
?
[答案] A.?
[析] the same to you 是同樣祝賀對方的意思,不能用于生日這一祝賀語,除非兩人的生日在同一天。?
13? - I'm sorry I don't know the way, either? You'd better ask that policeman for help??
- _________ ?
A? Good night. B? That's nothing. ?
C? Very well. D? Thank you all the same.
?
[答案] D.?
[析] 當向?qū)Ψ角笾鷷r,對方無能為力,這時的感謝語則為 Thank you all the same? 意為不管如何還是要謝謝你。?
14? - I fell and hurt my leg last week, So I can't do anything??
- _________ .?
A? I'm sorry B? Don't worry
C? Good luck D? Bad luck
?
[答案] D.?
[析] 如果用A則要用 I'm sorry to hear that?而不能單用 I'm sorry? 因I'm sorry 是向?qū)Ψ降狼?。?nbsp;bad luck 為真是不幸啊。?
15? - _________ ?
- I have got a cough??
A? What's your trouble? B? What have you got? ?
C? Why did you come here? D? Have you got a cough?
?
[答案] A.?
[析] What's your trouble? 多用于問對方有什么問題、麻煩或得了什么病。這種用語還有 What's wrong with you??
16? - Would you like to go shopping with me??
- _________ ?
A? Yes, I'd love to. B? That's right.
C? Yes, please. D? Quite well.
?
[答案] A.?
[析] 表示愿意作某事應(yīng)講:I'd love to? I'd like to??
17? - What's the weather like today!?
- _________ ?
A? It's nice for a walk. B? I like autumn best of all.?
C? It will be fine tomorrow. D? It's rather cold today.
?
[答案] D.?
[析] 本題要注意問的是什么,不要所問非所答。因問題是今天的天氣怎樣,所以只能選D
18? - Is Jane in ,please? I want to speak to her??
- Sorry, she is out? You'd better _________ .?
A? visit her in the office B? call her later ?
C? see her this afternoon D? speak to her yourself
?
[答案] B.?
[析] call her later 晚些時候再來電話。?
19? - _________ ?
- Very well, thank you, and you??
A? How do you do? B? Good morning? ?
C? How are you these days? D? How do you like English?
?
[答案] C.?
[析] 本題是由答語來推斷問話,所以應(yīng)熟悉英語的問答習慣: How do you do? 的答語應(yīng)為 How do you do??
20? - How is your mother??
- _________ ?
A? She is old. B? She is no better than she was. ?
C? She is kind?hearted. D? She is in her forties.
?
[答案] B.?
[析] How is your mother? 問的是你媽身體如何,而B選項則是"她不比以前強"。而其他三個選項則是所問非所答。?
21? - Thank you very much for your help??
- _________ .?
A? You're welcome B? Please don't
C? There's no trouble D? No, no
?
[答案] A.?
22? Your uncle has taken you to the cinema? Afterwards you thank him?
He says " _________ ."?
A? It was nothing B? I'm glad you enjoyed it ?
C? Don't say it D? No, needn't
?
[答案] B.?
[析] 這是英語的答語,千萬不要選A,因它是中文習慣的答語。?
23? - Thank you for your good present??
- _________ .?
A? It's not good B? No, no
C? My pleasure D? Never mind
?
[答案] C.?
24? When someone did a good deed for you, you should say _________ .?
A.you are too good B.It's very kind of you C.you are very kind D.I'll thank you
[答案] B.?
25? - I am very sorry? I am late for dinner? ?
- _________ .?
A.No, you aren't B.That's all right C.Yes, you are D.No, you don't
[答案] B.?
[析] That's all right? 沒關(guān)系。?
26? - I'm sorry if I hurt you??
- _________ .?
A? I'm sorry B? It's not true ?
C? It doesn't matter D? Don't say sorry
?
[答案] C.?
27? - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you? ?
- _________ .?
A? I'm sorry B? What a pity ?
C? It doesn't matter to me D? That's terrible
[答案] B.?
[析] What a pity. 真遺憾。第一句應(yīng)為我真該和你一起去展覽會。?
28? - Help yourself to some fish??
- _________ .?
A? You are very kind B? Yes, I'm helping myself ?
C? Thank you D? Yes, don't worry about me
[答案] C.?
29? - Are you ready??-______ .?
A? I'm very sorry B? Try to be patient ?
C? Not yet, wait a minute D? Do you have the time, please?
[答案] C.?
[析] not yet 意為還沒有完成。?
30? - Mum, I have passed the exam??
- _________ .?
A? That's all right B? Congratulations
C? You are luck D? Good luck to you
[答案] B.?
31? - I think I have to leave? I hope we can get together again??
- _________ .?
A? All right B? That's all right
C? O?K? D? I hope so, too
[答案] D.?
32? Must I wait till he comes back? ? .?
A? No, you needn't B? No, you mustn't ?
C? No, you may not D? No, you can't
[答案] A.?
[析] must 提問表示必須這樣做嗎?而肯定句要用 must, 表示必須做,而否定句則要用 needn't 表示沒有必要做。?
33? - _________ I pay you the house rent right away??
- Yes, you have to do it??
A? Shall B? Way C? Must D? Have
[答案] C.?
34? - Don't you think this colour is too bright? ?
- _________ ?
A? Yes, I agree. B? Yes, but I don't think so. ?
C? Yes, of course not. D? Yes, what's wrong?
[答案] A.?
35? - It was cold yesterday??
- _________ .?
A? So was it B? So it was
C? I believe not so D? I believe not
[答案] B.?
[析] 當答語只是重復(fù)對方講的話時,則不用倒裝。因 so it was即為:是的,天氣昨天很冷。而當講前面講的動作也適合于另一個人時,則要倒裝。如: I went to the cinema yesterday? So did I? 表示對方去了電影院,我也去了。?
36? - What do you think of the song??
- _________ .?
A? I like music very much B? I like it too ?
C? With pleasure D? It sounds sweet
[答案] D.?
[析] sound 在這里是系動詞,為聽起來很甜美。系動詞后要用形容詞,而不要用被動語態(tài)。?
37? Do you like tea or coffee?? _________ .?
A? Yes, I do B? Thank you
C? That's fine D? Either will do
[答案] D.?
[析] either will do? 為兩者哪個都可以。?
38? I like your sweater very much?? _________ .?
A? No, it's ugly B? Sorry
C? Thank you D? You're welcome
[答案] C.?
[析] 這是英美語言的習慣。?
39? He likes travelling by train? ? _________ .?
A? So do I B? I dos
C? I like so D? I like it, neither
[答案] A.?
40? - How do you like your school??
- _________ .?
A? I like it very much B? It's very beautiful?
C? I doesn't like it D? Very well
[答案] B.?
[析] How do you like … 是問你們學校是怎樣值得你熱愛的。也就是為什么你熱愛你的學校。?
41? What a nice day! ? _________ ?
A? You're right. B? No, isn't it?
C? Yes, isn't it? D? Really?
[答案] C.?
[析] Yes, isn't it? 是的,難道不是個好天氣嗎??
42? - Hello, _________ ??
- This is Della speaking??
A? Who are you B? Are you Tom ?
C? Who is that D? Please tell me who are you
[答案] C.?
[析] 電話用語中 that 指對方,而 this 指自己。?
43? -What's he like? ?
- _________ .?
A? He likes English B? He is old ?
C? He is like a farmer D? He is tall and this
[答案] D.?
[析] 要區(qū)分 What's he like? 如 What does he like? 前者為:他長得什么樣?而后者是:他喜歡什么。?
44? How did you do your job? ?
Not very well, _________ .?
A? I'm sure B? I am afraid
C? Thank you D? I'm sorry
[答案] B.?
[析] I am afraid 我恐怕是,我想是。?
45? - _________ your aunt??
-She is a principal of a middle school??
A? What does B? Where does
C? What is D? Whom is
[答案] C.?
46? - _________ ?
- He is my boss??
A? What's the man? B? Who is the man? ?
C? How is the man? D? What does the man do?
[答案] B.?
47? - May I have your name? ?
- _________ .?
A? No, no B? You're polite
C? Call me John D? It's kind of you
?
[答案] C.?
48? - Shall I make coffee for you? ?
- _________ .?
A? Yes, thank you B? No, don't trouble ?
C? Don't trouble this, thank you D? No, don't make it
?
[答案] A.?
49? - Could you show me the way to Mr? Buown's office??
- _________ .?
A? Not at all B? I'm sure
C? All right D? I can do it
?
[答案] C.?
50? - Shall we go swimming tomorrow afternoon??
- _________ .?
A? It's very kind of you B? You are so thoughtful ?
C? That's a good idea D? Yes, we'll go
?
[答案] C.?
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