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二、 冠詞?

 

（一）正誤辨析

［誤］This building is an university.

［正］This building is a university.

［析］a用于以輔音音素開始的單詞前，而an用于以元音音素開始的單詞前，而不是元音字母開頭的單詞前。university的第一個(gè)音素是［j］，所以用a而不要用an。又如：There is a “n” in the word.是錯(cuò)句，應(yīng)為：There is an “n”in the word.因字母n的發(fā)音的第一個(gè)音素是元音。要注意的還有hour因其第一個(gè)字母h不發(fā)音，所以應(yīng)該用an hour。例如：

I need an hour to finish the work.

It is a useful dictionary.

It is a European country.

I bought a used car.

［誤］I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.

［正］I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.

［析］因umbrella的第一個(gè)音素是元音，所以應(yīng)用an.常用的情況有：an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy…。

［誤］“Can you help me”  “Sorry, I'm in hurry.”

［正］“Can you help me”  “Sorry. I'm in a hurry.”

［析］不定冠詞的主要用法如下：?

1. 用來(lái)表示一類人或事物，如：She is a teacher.

2. 指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè)，如：An elephant is bigger than a horse.

3. 泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate.

4. 相當(dāng)于“one”的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.

5. 其主要的難點(diǎn)是用在固定詞組中：

如：have a walk/a rest /a look

又如：in a hurry 匆匆忙忙

make a face 作鬼臉

do somebody a  favour 幫某人忙

a number of =many

又如：have a good time (玩得好)

have a cold (感冒)

have a headache (頭痛)

have a break=have a rest

［誤］I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good.

［正］I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.

［析］在文章中第一次提到某物時(shí)用不定冠詞，而第二次提到時(shí)用定冠詞。?

［誤］Please turn off lights before you leave.

［正］Please turn off the lights before you leave.

［析］雖然是第一次提到某物但說(shuō)話雙方均知其所指，也應(yīng)用定冠詞。?

［誤］There are nine planets around a sun.

［正］There are nine planets around the sun.

［析］世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的天體等名詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.

［誤］I live on a second floor of this building.

［正］I live on the second floor of this building.

［析］在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)前要用定冠詞。如：He is the oldest in the family.

［誤］I want to learn the second language this term.

［正］I want to learn a second language this term.

［析］在序數(shù)詞的含意不是順序中的第一第二，而其意在于再學(xué)一個(gè)，再來(lái)一個(gè)時(shí)，應(yīng)用a，本句的意思應(yīng)為：這學(xué)期我要學(xué)一門第二外語(yǔ)。

［誤］Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.

［正］The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.

［析］在河流名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the Yellow River(黃河)。

［誤］Look, there are Alp.

［誤］Look, there are the Alp.

［正］Look, there are the Alps.

［析］具體的某一座山不加定冠詞，如：Mountain Tai.但在山名稱前加定冠詞后，其山名要加s，來(lái)表示山脈。the Alps即為阿爾卑斯山脈。如:The Alps are in the center of Europe.

［誤］Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.

［正］The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.

［析］報(bào)刊名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞。?

［誤］Rich are not always happy.

［正］The rich are not always happy.

［析］在形容詞前加定冠詞表示一類人，而在姓的前面加定冠詞，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.

［誤］I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good.

［正］I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.

［析］物質(zhì)名詞特指時(shí)也應(yīng)加定冠詞。?

［誤］The sun rises in east.

［正］The sun rises in the east.

［析］在方向、方位前應(yīng)用定冠詞，如：in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及in the past, in the future

［誤］Do you know who invented telephone

［正］Do you know who invented the telephone

［析］在特定和專有事物或名稱前要加定冠詞，?

如：the English Channel 英吉利海峽

the Panama Canal 巴拿馬運(yùn)河

the Suez Canal 蘇伊士運(yùn)河

［誤］Would you please buy some food for the supper

［正］Would you please buy some food for supper

［析］泛指一日三餐前無(wú)定冠詞。?

［誤］I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.

［正］I like to climb the mountain in autumn.

［析］一年四季前不用定冠詞，如：Spring is the best season in a year.

［誤］Sometimes my parents come to school to see me.

［正］Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me.

［析］有些名詞被用作其本身原來(lái)所含目的時(shí)不加冠詞，如：go to school上學(xué)，leave school(輟學(xué))，after school(放學(xué))，但如果當(dāng)建筑物講時(shí)應(yīng)加冠詞，如例句中其父母來(lái)校不是上學(xué)，而是看望孩子，則要加定冠詞。又如，He was in hospital for two days.(他在醫(yī)院住院兩天了。)而：He went to the hospital to see his mother.他去醫(yī)院看望他的母親。

［誤］I bought a same dictionary as she bought.

［正］I bought the same dictionary as she bought.

［析］在慣用法the same, the only, the very前的定冠詞不可換為不定冠詞。

［誤］The police caught the thief by his arm.

［正］The police caught the thief by the arm.

［析］這是英文表達(dá)法與中文的明顯不同之處，也是初學(xué)者極易忽視之處。在英語(yǔ)中的某些動(dòng)詞，如：catch(抓)，take(拿)，strike (打),pat(拍)，hit(擊)，hold(握)，pull(拉)…動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)加人，再加介詞on, by, in, with…之后要加定冠詞，再加人體的某一部位。這時(shí)的定冠詞千萬(wàn)不要換作his, her, their, 等詞。

［誤］He was paid by hour.

［正］He was paid by the hour.

［析］by和計(jì)量單位之間要有定冠詞。這句話應(yīng)譯為：他的工資是按小時(shí)計(jì)算的。

［誤］I went to New York by his car.

［正］I went to New York by car.

［正］I went to New York in his car.

［析］by僅僅與交通工具相連表示應(yīng)用某種工具，而加了別的修飾詞后其前面的介詞也應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換。如：by car (坐小汽車)by taxi (坐出租車)by bike (騎自行車)by water (乘船)by air (乘飛機(jī))by sea (乘船)

［誤］Mary began to learn how to play piano when she was three.

［正］Mary began to learn how to play the piano when she was three.

［析］在樂(lè)器前要加定冠詞，而在球類游戲之前則不要加冠詞，如：They like to play bridge when they are free. (他們空閑時(shí)愛(ài)打橋牌)

［誤］The little boy wanted to go to cinema.

［正］The little boy wanted to go to the cinema.

［析］英語(yǔ)中雖有一些名詞與go to連用時(shí)不加定冠詞，以表示該名詞的內(nèi)涵，如：go to school (上學(xué))，go to bed(睡覺(jué))等，但去看電影則例外，要用go to the cinema.這也是語(yǔ)言的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。

［誤］I live at 105 the Lake street.

［正］I live at 105 Lake Street.

［析］街道名稱前不用冠詞。?

［誤］Next summer holiday I will go to country to live on a farm.

［正］Next summer holiday I will go to the country to live on a farm.

［析］country既作國(guó)家講也作鄉(xiāng)村講。作鄉(xiāng)村講時(shí)，一定要加定冠詞，而且只有單數(shù)形式，作國(guó)家講時(shí)則可有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Japan is a country .Japan, China, India are Asian countries.

［誤］The picture looks better at the distance.

［正］The picture looks better at a distance.

［析］at a distance意為“離開一定距離”。而in the distance為“遠(yuǎn)方，遠(yuǎn)處”。這樣常用的詞組有：

as a rule (照例)

in a hurry (匆忙)

in the morning/afternoon (上/下午)

in the sun (在陽(yáng)光下)

in the rain (雨中)

in the same way (同樣)

in the shade (在陰涼處)

in the day time (白天)

in the end (最終)

on the other hand (換句話說(shuō))

on the contrary (相反)

［誤］The little boy and girl walk along the street a hand in a hand.

［正］The little boy and girl walk along the street hand in hand.

［析］這是英語(yǔ)中的習(xí)慣用法，如：?

bit by bit (逐漸)

day after (by) day (一天又一天)

day and night (日日夜夜)

face to face (面對(duì)面)

from A to Z (自始至終)

from time to time (再三)

hand in hand (手拉手)

shoulder by shoulder (肩并肩)

 

（二） 例題解析

1   Mr Li is＿＿＿ old worker.

A a  B  an  C some  D  /

［答案］B.

［析］an用于元音音素開始的單詞前。

2   English is＿＿＿  useful language in ＿＿＿  world.

A  an, the   B  a, the    C  the, /    D   /,the

［答案］B.

［析］因useful的第一個(gè)音素是［j］，它是輔音音素。

3   What ＿＿＿   interesting book it is?

A a   B  an   C  the   D   /

［答案］B.

［析］這是感嘆句，因?yàn)橐频皆话憔淝懊娴膹?qiáng)調(diào)部分中有可數(shù)名詞book,所以應(yīng)加冠詞，而interesting的第一音素是元音所以要加an。

4   He will be back in ＿＿＿ hour.

A  /  B  the  C  a  D   an?

［答案］D.

［析］因hour的首字母h不發(fā)音。

5   There is ＿＿＿ map in the classroom. ＿＿＿  map is on the wall.

A a, A     B  the, The    C a, The   D the ,A

［答案］C.

［析］在文章中首次提到某人或某物時(shí)用不定冠詞，而第二次再提到該物或人時(shí)應(yīng)用定冠詞。

6    Look at＿＿＿ picture! There's＿＿＿ house in it.

A  a ,a    B  the, the   C  a, the    D   the, a

?［答案］D.

［析］雖然是第一次提到，但在句中的語(yǔ)言是讓對(duì)方看某一特定的圖畫，所以應(yīng)選擇D。

7   There is ＿＿＿ orange in the bottle.

A  a   B  an    C   the   D  /

?［答案］D.

［析］這里的orange是指桔汁而不是一個(gè)個(gè)的桔子。  

8   Beijing is ＿＿＿  capital of our country.

A  the   B  an   C   /   D  a

?［答案］A.

［析］capital之后有of結(jié)構(gòu)則要用定冠詞。

9 If you work hard at English, you'll get ＿＿＿ “A” in the test.

A  an   B  /   C  the  D  a

?［答案］A.

［析］因字母A的第一音素是元音。

10   He usually goes to school on ＿＿＿ foot.

A  a  B an  C  the  D   /

?［答案］D.

［析］on foot意為走路上學(xué)，是習(xí)慣用法。

三、 代詞?

（一）正誤辨析

［誤］Tom's mother is taller than my.

［正］Tom's mother is taller than mine.

［析］形容詞性物主代詞可以作定語(yǔ)，也就是講它可以作形容詞，如：my book，而這句話的意思是：湯姆的媽媽比我的媽媽高。比較的對(duì)象是my mother,也就是mine。

［誤］We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them.

［正］We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it.

［析］在應(yīng)用代詞時(shí)，要注意人稱，格與數(shù)的一致性。這里it所代替的是不可數(shù)名詞homework， 所以應(yīng)用it。

［誤］He and you should go to the library to return the books.

［正］You and he should go to the library to return the books.

［析］這主要是英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上的用法。當(dāng)兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列時(shí)其排列順序一般為you, he, she, I,而復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)為we, you， they:如男女并列時(shí)，應(yīng)先男后女，如：He and she …如果在表示不好意思，承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)，單數(shù)時(shí)用，I, he, she, you, 復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用They, you， we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.

You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon.

We, you and they have been there before.

I, he and you have to pay for it.

［誤］He or his brother is doing their homework.

［正］He or his brother is doing his homework.

［析］由either…or, neither…nor, or 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果兩主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí)，用單數(shù)代詞，如兩主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)代詞，如：Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一單一復(fù)兩名詞時(shí)，一般將單數(shù)名詞放在前，復(fù)數(shù)名詞放在后，要用復(fù)數(shù)代詞，如：The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.

［誤］His brother is taller than him.

［正］His brother is taller than he.

［析］than是連詞，其后應(yīng)視為省略句，than he is.所以要注意區(qū)分其主格與賓格的用法。

I like you as much as she.

［正］I like you as much as her.

［析］as…as 其后也應(yīng)看作是省略句。應(yīng)為as I like her.所以應(yīng)用賓格。而第一句應(yīng)譯為我像她那樣喜歡你。兩句語(yǔ)法都是對(duì)的但含義不同。

［誤］Myself did it yesterday.

［正］I myself did it yesterday.

［正］I did it myself yesterday.

［析］反身代詞不可作主語(yǔ)，但可以用作主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)。?

［誤］Take care of ourselves.

［正］Take care of yourselves .(yourself)

［析］祈始句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)看作第二人稱you.

［誤］Please bring your daughter with yourself.

［正］Please bring your daughter with you.

［析］反身代詞不能作介詞賓語(yǔ)，除非是由不及物動(dòng)詞與介詞組成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，如： The old woman spoke to herself.

［誤］Make yourself home.

［正］Make yourself at home.

［析］這是英語(yǔ)中的習(xí)慣用法，意為“像在家里一樣”。這樣的用法還有：?

enjoy oneself 玩得開心make yourself at home 像在家中一樣

help yourself to something 自己拿某物lost oneself 迷路

seat oneself 就坐dress oneself 穿衣

［誤］—　Who's this speaking.—　That's Mary.

［正］—　Who's that speaking.—　This is Mary.

［析］在電話用語(yǔ)中，this指講話人自己，而that指對(duì)方。

［誤］The days in summer are longer than this in winter.

［正］The days in summer are longer than those in winter.

［析］在比較句中往往為了避免重復(fù)，可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物，如是單數(shù)時(shí)用that,復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用those，如：The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Chang Chun.

［誤］It is so a good book that everyone likes to read.

［正］It is such a good book that everyone likes to read.

［正］It is so good a book that everyone likes to read.

［析］在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)可用so+形容詞+不定冠詞+名詞+that從句，也可用such+不定冠詞+形容詞+that從句。在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，只用such, 如：It is such good weather that I want to go swimming. They are such good books that I want to buy them all.在many, much, few, little這4個(gè)詞前僅能用so,如： She has so much money that she can buy everything she wants.而在so與that之間僅存形容詞時(shí)，則不能用such,如:She is so sweet that everyone likes her.

［誤］I want to buy a same dictionary as yours.

［正］I want to buy the same dictionary as yours.

［析］same與定冠詞the是固定搭配不可更改。這樣的用法還有all the same(仍然)。

［誤］—　I hope she might pass the exam.—　I don't hope so.

［正］—　I hope she might pass the exam.—　I hope not.

［析］在作肯定回答時(shí)，I think so. I hope so. I believe so.但作否定回答時(shí)為：I don't think so. I hope/believe not.

［誤］—　He studied very hard this term.— So she did.

［正］— He studied very hard this term.— So did she.

［誤］— English is difficult to learn.— So is it.

［正］— English is difficult to learn.— So it is.

［析］在對(duì)話中如果某一動(dòng)作同時(shí)適用于兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)在答語(yǔ)中要用縮寫且要用倒裝句。如第一組句，即studied hard既適用于he,也適用于she.但答語(yǔ)僅僅是對(duì)前句的重復(fù)，即僅僅是第一句的縮寫時(shí)則不要用倒裝句。如第二組句子為：英語(yǔ)難學(xué)。答語(yǔ)為：是的，難學(xué)。這時(shí)縮寫的答語(yǔ)不要用倒裝句。

［誤］Everyone should do one's best.

［正］Everyone should do his best.

［析］one作代詞時(shí)，它的復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones,所有格形式是one's，反身代詞為oneself.如果講One should do one's best.則是對(duì)句。如果one與別的詞組成其他詞，如： someone, anyone, everyone或only one 則要用his/her，來(lái)作其所有格形式。

［誤］— Who won the game?— None.

［正］— Who won the game?— No one.

［析］由who提問(wèn)的句子的否定回答中的簡(jiǎn)略說(shuō)法是no one,而由How many提問(wèn)的句子的否定回答中的簡(jiǎn)略語(yǔ)是None.如：How many books are there? None.

［誤］There are many trees on either sides of the street.

［正］There are many trees on either side of the street.

［正］There are many trees on both sides of the street.

［析］either作代詞時(shí)由兩個(gè)含意，其一是兩者中隨便哪一個(gè)，如：You can take either.其二是兩者中的每一個(gè)。但要注意的是either后要加單數(shù)名詞，如果作主語(yǔ)則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式。

［誤］Either you or I are right.

［正］Either you or I am right.

［析］在either…or,或neither…nor連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與和其相近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)相配。

［誤］I have three sisters. Neither of them is a doctor.

［正］I have three sisters. None of them is a doctor.

［析］neither用于兩者中無(wú)一是，而none則用于多于兩者中的人或事物無(wú)一是。

［誤］He doesn't like Beijing opera. I don't like too.

［正］He doesn't like Beijing opera, I don't like either.

［析］either作為“也”講時(shí)，要用于否定句中，而too則用于肯定句中。

［誤］We like both this little boy.

［正］We both like this little boy.

［析］both作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，它在句中的位置有：在be動(dòng)詞之后，如：We are both students.在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，如：The parents both want to go to the cinema.用于第一助動(dòng)詞之后，如：We have both read these English novels.使用時(shí)要注意以下句子的實(shí)際含意：Both of us are not right.應(yīng)譯為：我們倆不都對(duì)。Neither of us is right.才應(yīng)譯為：我倆都不對(duì)。又如：I can't give you both of the books.意為：兩本書我不能全給你，而I can't give you either of the books.才為：兩本書我全不能給你。

［誤］We each has a ticket for the concert.

［正］We each have a ticket for the concert.

［析］each作句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，如：Each of us wants to learn English well，但each作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，則應(yīng)以原名詞的數(shù)為準(zhǔn)。

［誤］Every of us has to pass the exam.

［正］Each of us has to pass the exam.

［析］every只可作形容詞，不可作代詞，而each既可作形容詞，又可作代詞，在作形容詞時(shí)each側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，而every 則側(cè)重于全體。

［誤］Everyone of us should do housework two hours a day.

［正］Every one of us should do housework two hours a day.

［析］everyone不可與of結(jié)構(gòu)相連接使用，而every one則可以這樣用。

［誤］I should read English everyday.

［正］I should read English every day.

［析］要注意的是every day是“每天”，而everyday則是形容詞為“日常的”。如：everyday English日常英語(yǔ)，everyday life日常生活。

［誤］There are trees on every sides of the street.

［正］There are trees on each side of the street.                                        

［析］every用于三者或三者以上的每一個(gè)，而each用于二者或二者以上的每一個(gè)。因?yàn)榻值乐挥袃蓚?cè)，所以只能用each而不能用every.

［誤］All my parents are engineers.

［正］Both my parents are engineers.

［析］all用于三者或三者以上的全部，而both 則用于兩者的全部。

［誤］All of students might make some mistakes.

［正］All of the students might make some mistakes.

［正］All students might make some mistakes.

［析］非特指的名詞前可用all但不可用all of結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是講all of結(jié)構(gòu)后面的名詞前一定要有定冠詞。其他與all有關(guān)的習(xí)慣用法還有：

all the year round, all week, all day, all winter

［誤］The all village was flooded.

［正］All the village was flooded.

［析］all作修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)要用在所有修飾詞之前。

［誤］The post office is on other side of the street.

［正］The post office is on the other side of the street.

［析］單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞如在泛指某一個(gè)時(shí)用another,而特指時(shí)則要用the other,因街道只有兩邊，而不在這邊必定是在另一邊，所以要用特指。請(qǐng)參考下表的用法以便于記憶。

單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)

泛指 another形容詞 作定語(yǔ) 作名詞

another代詞 other others

特指 the other形容詞

the other代詞

 the other the others

［誤］There are ten students here Where are the others students?

［正］There are ten students here.Where are the others?

［正］There are ten students here Where are the other students?

［析］the others=the other students.

［誤］The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, another is a doctor.

［正］The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, the other is a doctor.

［析］another用于泛指，如：Is it far from here to the station?I'm sorry. I have no idea. One may say it is quite near; another may say it is far from here.但在特指時(shí)則要用the other.它可以用作定語(yǔ)，the other one,也可以用作代詞the other,但the other用作代詞時(shí)它的含意一定是單數(shù)。如果指三者或者三者以上的情況時(shí)，則要用one…another…the other.或者one…a second…the third…

［誤］Some people like sports. The others like reading.

［正］Some people like sports. Others like reading.

［析］在泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前用some…others…others…來(lái)表示某些人……某些人……某些人……。

［誤］Please remember to water the flowers each other day.

［正］Please remember to water the flowers every other day.

［析］every other day為每隔一天。是習(xí)慣用法，不要隨意改動(dòng)。又如：on the other hand另一方面。

［誤］Many know him， but few likes him.

［正］Many know him, but few like him.

［析］few用于可數(shù)名詞，意為幾乎沒(méi)有，但few作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，而a few為有一些。

［誤］You have few friends, haven't you?

［正］You have few friends, have you?

［析］little與few用于句中時(shí)，均要按否定句看待。

［誤］Much of what you said are true.

［正］Much of what you said is true.

［析］much用于不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。而many用于可數(shù)名詞，它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

［誤］This room is enough large for the students to live in.

［正］This room is large enough for the students to live in.

［析］enough 可以用作代詞，如：There is enough of the food. 又如：Enough has been done for the work，但enough 還可以作形容詞來(lái)修飾名詞，這時(shí)enough可以放在名詞之前，也可放在名詞之后，如：money enough 與enough money都是對(duì)的。但當(dāng)enough作副詞修飾形容詞時(shí)，則只能置于形容詞之后了。

［誤］I want any books to read. Do you have any?

［正］I want some books to read. Do you have any?

［析］按照語(yǔ)法any用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句，而some用于肯定句。

［誤］Would you like any thing to drink?

［正］Would you like something to drink?

［析］在由would you like發(fā)出的問(wèn)句中，表達(dá)了說(shuō)話者真心實(shí)意要為對(duì)方提供些飲料，或在說(shuō)話者想得到對(duì)方的肯定答復(fù)時(shí)，在疑問(wèn)句中要用some而不用any。

［誤］Someone want to meet you.

［正］Someone wants to meet you.

［析］不定代詞應(yīng)被看作單數(shù)，即使用and連接兩個(gè)不定代詞，也要看作單數(shù)，如：?Anyone and everyone has the right. 任何人，每一個(gè)人都有這樣的權(quán)力。

［誤］New York is much colder in winter than before.

［正］It is much colder in New York in winter than before.

［析］it常常用在英文的句子中來(lái)代表時(shí)間、距離、天氣、自然現(xiàn)象，或用在句中作形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，如：

It is ten o'clock now. (代時(shí)間)

It is far from here to the airport. (代距離)

It is very hot.(代天氣)

It is very difficult to learn English well. (作形式主語(yǔ))

We found it very difficult to answer the question. (作形式賓語(yǔ))

［誤］Be careful. Don't drink too many.

［正］Be careful. Don't drink too much.

［析］這里much所代的應(yīng)是飲料或水，所以應(yīng)為不可數(shù)名詞。  

 

 

（二）例題解析

1 These are ＿＿＿books. Yours are over there.

A I   B  my   C  me   D mine?

［答案］B.

［析］這里應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。?

2 —＿＿＿  is she?

— She is a teacher.

A   What    B  How    C  Who    D   Where?

［答案］A.

［析］這里的四個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞放在問(wèn)句中全都成立，但其意義不同。What is she?應(yīng)譯為“她的工作是什么?”或“她是做什么的?”而How is she?應(yīng)譯為“她身體如何?”而Who is she?應(yīng)譯為“她是誰(shuí)?”其答語(yǔ)應(yīng)為“她叫什么名字。”而Where is she?應(yīng)為“她在什么地方?”由答語(yǔ)決定了這道題的選擇。

3＿＿＿ is wrong with my watch. It has stopped＿＿＿.

A  Something, working   B  Something, to work

C    Any thing, working   D Anything, to work?

［答案］A.

［析］因?yàn)槭强隙ň渌詰?yīng)用Something,其后由于表停止工作了，則stop后要用動(dòng)名詞。

4  Mary, help ＿＿＿to the bananas, please.

A  you   B your   C  yourself   D yourselves?

［答案］C.

［析］help oneself to something為“自己拿某物”。yourself為“你一個(gè)人”，而yourselves為“你們”。

5 —＿＿＿ do you go to school every day?

— By bus.

A  How  B  Why    C   When    D   Where?

［答案］A.

［析］這題的答案是由問(wèn)句決定的。?

6  My skirt is＿＿＿  popular than＿＿＿.

A    much, her   B  much, hers  C   more, her   D  more, hers?

［答案］D.

［析］因句中有than,所以應(yīng)選用比較級(jí)，而than后要選用名詞性物主代詞。

7 — Can you speak English?

— Yes, but only＿＿＿.

A  few    B  a few     C   little     D    a little

［答案］D.

［析］因會(huì)講某種語(yǔ)言的多少要用a little,把它看作不可數(shù)名詞對(duì)待，此答語(yǔ)為：是的，但僅僅會(huì)講一點(diǎn)。

8   Mr.Smith is an old friend of＿＿＿.

A  I        B  me     C  my    D mine?

［答案］D.

［析］這里應(yīng)選名詞性物主代詞，這也是英語(yǔ)的一種習(xí)慣用法，而不要選擇my。

9 “ ＿＿＿do you hear from your parents?”

“About once a month.”

A How long    B   How many

C How often  D   How much?

［答案］C.

［析］How often問(wèn)的是某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率，即在單位時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生多少次。

10  Mr Green wouldn't say ＿＿＿at the meeting.

A  everything   B  nothing     C  anything   D  something?

［答案］C.

［析］在否定句中應(yīng)用anything

11 “Mum, Ann's coming tonight. Let's give her ＿＿＿to eat.”

“Good idea!”

A   anything nice    B nice anything

C   something nice  D nice something?

［答案］C.

［析］肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代詞的修飾詞應(yīng)放其后而不要放在其前面。

12 — When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening?

— I don't mind. ＿＿＿time is OK.

A   Some   B  Neither   C  Either   D  Both?

［答案］C.

［析］因如選用both則名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，由于答語(yǔ)前有I don't mind 則決定不能選擇neither.

13 This is not her kite,but＿＿＿.

A  he's  B   him  C   he    D   his?

［答案］D.

［析］要注意“他的”名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞是同形的。?

14 Don't worry, Mum! ＿＿＿ news is good news. I'm sure daddy will come back soon.

A   No    B  Many     C Those    D Two

?［答案］A.

［析］這是一條諺語(yǔ)，即沒(méi)有消息就是好消息。?  

15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has ＿＿＿apples than he.

A  few B  many  C  more    D    fewer?

［答案］C.

［析］由于是比較級(jí)，根據(jù)題意應(yīng)選“多于”而不是“少于”。?  

16 There isn't ＿＿＿in today's newspaper.

A anything interesting

B something interesting

C nothing interesting

D interesting anything

［答案］A.

［析］由于句子是否定句，應(yīng)選擇anything，而且不定代詞的修飾語(yǔ)應(yīng)放在其后面。

17 September 10th is＿＿＿ Day?

A  Teacher      B Teachers     C Teacher's    D Teachers'

［答案］D.

［析］教師節(jié)Teachers' Day,兒童節(jié) Children's Day, 婦女節(jié) Women's Day

18 — In England, people eat a lot of “takeaway” food. What about people in your country?

—＿＿＿

A So we do.  B We do so.  C So do we.   D We so do.?

［答案］C.

［析］在答語(yǔ)中用簡(jiǎn)略方式表達(dá)上文的一個(gè)動(dòng)作同樣適用于另一個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，則要采用倒裝句，但如果僅僅是對(duì)上句的重復(fù)則不要倒裝。?

19 — Shall we go into that shop and have a look?

— Sorry. I won't. I have ＿＿＿to do there.

A  everything     B anything     C  something   D nothing?

［答案］D.

［析］這個(gè)答案的選擇應(yīng)由上下兩句對(duì)話內(nèi)容作出決定。?

20— Oh, dear! Who broke the glass?

—＿＿＿ Sam ＿＿＿Bruce. It was the cat.

A Both, and    B Not, but     C  Neither, nor   D Either, or?

［答案］C.

［析］neither…nor意為既不……也不……

21 The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake.＿＿＿are climbing the hill.

A Others  B Other  C Another  D The other

?

［答案］A.

［析］這里因?yàn)槭谴鎻?fù)數(shù)名詞，所以應(yīng)用名詞性的復(fù)數(shù)代名詞。?

22 She is not a nurse. I'm not＿＿＿.

A  also  B either C neither   D too?

［答案］B.

［析］在否定句中該用either,而不用too和also.

23 I have two pencils. One is red,＿＿＿ is blue.

A  the other   B another     C others  D the others?

［答案］A.

［析］兩者中的另一個(gè)應(yīng)為特指。而且應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式的代名詞。而another是泛指單數(shù)代名詞。others是泛指復(fù)數(shù)代名詞，而the others是特指復(fù)數(shù)代名詞。

24 Sorry, I can't answer your question.

I know ＿＿＿about the subject.

A little   B a little       C few     D a few?

［答案］A.

［析］中文講我對(duì)此知道的不多，而英文中要用little。其含意為否定句。

25 My sister doesn't like skating＿＿＿.

A So do I           B So I don't

C Neither I don't  D  Neither do I?

［答案］D.

［析］這是表達(dá)上面否定句中的動(dòng)作，也同樣不適合

于第二個(gè)人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒裝句。

26 Yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room,＿＿＿.

A  you, he and I      B  I, you and he

C  he, I and you      D you, I and he?

［答案］A.

［析］這是若干人稱代詞并列時(shí)的順序問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)參看辨析中的例子。?

27 All the students are busy,  so＿＿＿of   them will go to the concert.

A many     B little    C a few  D few?

［答案］D.

［析］student為可數(shù)名詞。

28 The teacher gave ＿＿＿student a new book.

A nobody   B both   C each     D any?

［答案］C.

［析］both其后的名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)，而any用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中只有each可以修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。

29 Black is neither a teacher ＿＿＿a worker.

A or    B either     C nor     D and?

［答案］C.

［析］neither…nor為“既不……也不……”的固定搭配。

30 Our teacher gave us＿＿＿on studying.

A many advices     B some advices

C an advice           D some advice?

［答案］D.

［析］advice為不可數(shù)名詞。some可用于可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞之前。

31 There are two foreign friends in the park. One ＿＿＿is from Japan, is from America.

A other    B others       C the other      D the others?

［答案］C.

［析］因?yàn)槭莾烧咧械囊粋€(gè)，所以另一個(gè)應(yīng)用單數(shù)特指代詞。?

32 Are there ＿＿＿on the table?

A some cups     B any cup      C  some cup       D   any cups?

［答案］D.

［析］此句是疑問(wèn)句，應(yīng)用any cups, 因提問(wèn)時(shí)的be動(dòng)詞用的是are。

33 I've just bought five stamps. One is a German stamp, ＿＿＿are American stamps.

A the other    B the others     C other     D others?

［答案］B.

［析］此空應(yīng)填入主語(yǔ)。又因其范圍已定，所以應(yīng)選特指的代名詞。the other只能用作單數(shù)，而others是泛指復(fù)數(shù)代名詞，故只能選B。

34 It was＿＿＿ fine day that they went to the park.

A a so   B so a      C such a     D a such?

［答案］C.

［析］在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前可以有兩種表達(dá)法，即such+不定冠詞+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，如：such a good day，或者用so加形容詞+不定冠詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，如：so good a day.

35 At that time the train was slow and noisy. So＿＿＿people liked taking trains.

A little    B  a little      C  few      D  a few?

［答案］C.

［析］這是英文的表達(dá)法與中文不同之處。中文講只有少數(shù)人喜歡坐火車，英文要選用“few”。

36 We must help and understand each＿＿＿.

A other  B another    C others   D  the other?

［答案］A.

［析］each other意為“互相”，是習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。

37 ＿＿＿is difficult to walk on the moon.

A Man     B  One      C  That       D  It?

［答案］D.

［析］這里的真正主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為不定式to walk on the moon.而形式主語(yǔ)只能用it.

38 Jane has sent several letters, but ＿＿＿of them have been answered.

A all    B both    C either   D  none?

［答案］D.

［析］several letters意為“若干信件”，應(yīng)看作多于兩者，則在A、D中作選擇，僅D符合句意。

39 I don't know ＿＿＿about the new headmaster.

A something     B everything     C nothing     D anything?

［答案］D.

［析］否定句中應(yīng)用anything.

40＿＿＿ of the students in the whole class could do this physics question.

A No    B  None    C Not     D  Neither?

［答案］B.